How to Understand Orbital Chemistry

How to Understand Orbital ChemistryIf you are an aspiring astrochemist, then you will need to learn orbital chemistry. Or at least that is what some people would have you believe. However, if you do your homework you will find that there are other things that you need to learn that are more important than orbital chemistry.So, what is the best way to go about learning about orbital chemistry? The best way is to find a good book on the subject and really get a grasp of the subject matter. You will not know everything about orbital chemistry, so it is very important that you do some reading and take advantage of the internet.Do you think that you know enough about orbital chemistry to be able to explain it in detail to someone else? Probably not. That is why you will need to do some research. There are many sites online that are dedicated to orbital chemistry, so go check them out.You will also need to do some homework before you can really understand orbital chemistry. Of course, the basics can be learned just by reading up on orbital chemistry. Some of the topics that you will have to look up for yourself include polarimetry, mass spectrometry, orbital reaction mass spectra, and orbital reaction mass spectra tables. By knowing all these topics, you will have a better understanding of orbital chemistry.If you have all of this down, then you will have a better idea of what you need to do to properly understand orbital chemistry. Remember, orbital chemistry is what happens when the atom of a substance forms an orbit around another atom. The orbitals usually give that particular atom or substance its specific characteristic type.Orbital reaction spectra are made up of atoms that break the bond between two other atoms. They are more easily broken by the presence of an electronegative compound, such as lithium chloride. Sometimes the bonds between the atoms break all by themselves. These types of atoms, called single orbitals, are called s or d orbital reaction spect ra.The tables that are used to calculate orbital reaction spectra can be found online. This will give you an idea of how your atom is structured. You can also ask a professional about it if you don't understand it.The best way to learn orbital chemistry is to learn by doing. Make sure that you understand orbital chemistry first before you learn anything else. The more you understand about orbital chemistry, the better chance you will have of understanding more complex science.

A Beginners Guide to Organic Chemistry Lab UF

A Beginner's Guide to Organic Chemistry Lab UFTo develop a solid understanding of organic chemistry you must find a school or college that offers Organic Chemistry Lab UF, this provides a basic introduction to organic chemistry and some of the necessary equipment for chemical analysis. A Chemist can work in several ways with these tools. Let's take a look at each way, and the possible benefits of choosing one way over another.The first option is the one that most Chemists choose; the 'learn by doing' approach to learning. For example, many of these courses require the student to take the lab for one, two or three days. Many students who are interested in studying a particular field to go into this as a means of gaining experience and learning about the science and world of research.In many cases a Chemist may find Organic Chemistry Lab UF to be a good means of conducting research for themselves. However, Chemists who choose this option often find they are making use of something that they already have. For example, if you are a student who is interested in some sort of career in pharmaceuticals, then finding an introductory course like this would not be a bad idea. This could possibly provide the foundation you need to start your own business and increase your income.Another advantage to Organic Chemistry Lab UF is that the course can often be completed in a short period of time. Many schools or colleges offer such courses as an introductory class. Some even offer it on an evening or weekend basis. With the number of options available in terms of options and time for study, this type of program is becoming increasingly popular.This option often allows the student to begin their professional background within a short period of time. For example, many students who take this approach look to develop their skills at the point where they feel comfortable enough to work independently in an environment without the supervision of a Professor. Others continue their educ ation in a college after they graduate and are open to the possibility of working outside of a job as a professor. These Chemists want to make sure they are knowledgeable in their field before they enter the workforce.One drawback to this option is that Chemists who choose this route usually do not enjoy the academic rewards that come from the various fields of chemistry. If the school is located in a more urban area, there may be fewer academic opportunities to pursue. Alternatively, many people in this position have already worked in the same field as their mentor. Many of these Chemists want to continue working in the same environment and to continue to develop their skills.There are many options available to you when choosing a school for Organic Chemistry Lab UF. The best way to decide which option would best meet your needs is to contact a local College or University for more information. These schools will be able to tell you about all the options available to you. To learn m ore about how to select a school that offers Organic Chemistry Lab UF visit our website now.

Organic Chemistry Tutor - Find Out How You Can Improve Your Chemistry Knowledge

Organic Chemistry Tutor - Find Out How You Can Improve Your Chemistry KnowledgeOrganic Chemistry tutor is a web-based chemistry review service. What makes it unique is that the tutor is you. No computer, no textbooks, and no teacher to test your knowledge.You may find yourself seeking out online tutors, or maybe you are already using one. At some point, if you found out your tutor is not as good as you thought they were, you may have wondered whether your chemistry study has improved after all. What better way to assess your progress than by seeing how well your tutor does? This is where your chemistry tutor physics review comes in. An online review service that allows you to see how much you've learned by seeing how your tutor tests your knowledge.No matter which one you decide to use, you should get a tutor that does reviews every week or more. There are some places that will allow you to look at their reviews and rate them. However, it would be nice to be able to see them often.If you are new to chemistry, a chemistry tutor physics review can help you find out what you need to know to improve your chemistry. With practice, you'll be ready to take a test and pass. However, to really learn your subject, you must know your subject thoroughly.Your tutor will be reviewing your work and giving you the tips you need to know to learn more. For this reason, many use review sites to help them take practice tests. All the tutor needs to do is put in a brief explanation of what he or she is doing, and this will include reviewing your work.As a result, there are many people that use review sites in order to get practice math problems. They use the practice tests to practice with the information given on the test, so that when they take the real test, they are prepared for it.It's important to understand that you should always go with a chemistry tutor physics review. While they may not always give you the exact answers, they will give you a review of what you need to kno w to increase your knowledge. A review also helps you find out if you should keep working on your homework or not.

Learning English Online - Finding The Best Options

Learning English Online - Finding The Best OptionsThe process of learning English online is not as difficult as it may appear to be. It's not just a case of looking at the home page and deciding that you're not comfortable with that, or that you don't want to be talking to someone in that language. You can choose to do that, or you can learn to speak English online, even if you're not particularly keen on English.There are many different things that you need to consider when it comes to learning English online. For example, how much money do you have? Do you have enough time? If not, you'll need to consider whether it would be better to look at some alternatives that will allow you to learn at your own pace or to go for an online course that provides you with all the opportunities that you need to learn the language in the way that you need to learn it.There are two main options open to you when it comes to learning English, and they involve looking at various courses of varying leng ths. One option is that of a short-term course that will allow you to get through a couple of lessons at a time, which will hopefully lead to you being able to get through a few sentences at a time, while the other option is to take a full English course.Both of these options are great for English learners. There are lessons that will take you through most of the basics. Then there are those that will cover everything that you need to know. These will include things like grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary, the dictionary, and even etymology.Many people are wary of learning English online, because they think that it is far too hard. But that's simply not true. You'll find that a lot of things that you learn in a course are the same things that you'll also learn offline, with a little bit of extra in the way of tests to help you check that you know it. The real difference between online and offline courses is that online courses are usually timed, and it is in this sense that they wor k best.Online courses will often come with some friendly tutors who will help you along the way. They will also offer you forums where you can chat to other learners, and some will also give you online discussions. You can also find plenty of reviews of the courses that you're interested in, so that you can make an informed decision.If you are interested in learning English or are considering taking a course that will get you started, you should consider looking at an online course, regardless of how long you wish to take it. That way, you can keep on top of everything that you're doing and keep yourself on track. This is the best way to go about learning English online, because it will give you the opportunity to learn in the way that is suitable to you.

How Long Does It Take To Become An Accountant

How Long Does It Take To Become An Accountant How Long Does It Take To Train As An Accountant? ChaptersFollowing the AAT (Association of Accounting Technicians) CoursesFollowing The ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants) CoursesFollowing The ICAEW (Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales) CoursesFollowing  The CIMA (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants) CoursesIf you have a natural affinity with numbers, are quick to identify patterns and love to solve problems, maybe you should consider becoming an accountant.Most people, when thinking about an accountant's work, think about middle age men with tiny spectacles, crunching numbers all day long on an antiquated calculator and filing tax reports all year long.While this stereotype may endure for a while longer, it could not be further from the truth. In today's business world, accountants  are  closer to consultants than they are to bookkeepers. It is true that bookkeeping remains a part of the job description, but it only accounts for a fraction of what accounting firm do (and bill big com panies for).The development of accounting softwares has made it easy to perform regular bookkeeping tasks: issuing invoices, tracking payments and costs and so on. This meant that the accountant effectively spent less time crunching numbers and had more time to analyse the performance of a company and potentially find ways to make it financially more stable and efficient.The most prominent accounting firm in the world, Deloitte Ltd., counts more than 285,000 employees spread over all continents and generated more than $43 billion for the 2017-2018 fiscal year. It has seen an increase in revenue for the past nine years and, as the biggest of the Big Four accounting firm, showed that skilled accountants are in very high demand.If you are entertaining the idea of becoming an accountant you probably want to know what you're getting into and how long it will take until your harvest the rewards of your hard work. Let's look at how long it would take you to become a Certified Accountant.Ol d fashioned bookkeeping was done with pen and paper but has since been replaced with accounting software. (UK or International).Because all ACCA modules need to be sat in order and since you can not take more than four exams per sitting it means that in practice, it will take you three to four years to become an ACCA Chartered Accountant.It used to be that you had ten years to complete all your exams but this rule recently changed as the ACCA found that Accounting laws, procedures and regulations were changing too much in that ten year period. Today you have seven years from the first exam you sit to take and pass all the required tests, failing to do so will mean that all the reviews you sat will be invalidated.As an accountant you will face figures on your screen all day long, do not forget to take a screen-break from time to time.Following The ICAEW (Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales) CoursesThe ICAEW has been training accountants for more than a century and a half. It counts no less than 150,000 members and 80% of the  Financial Times-Stock Exchange 100 have an ICAEW accountant on their Finance Board.You don't necessarily need a university degree to start the ACA, and some students begin their Association of Chartered Accountant (ACA) training right after secondary school.The certification requires that you pass 15 modules over three different levelsThe Certificate Level is an introduction to the basics of accountancy, finance and business. You will also learn about assurance, law and taxation. The exams can be taken on a computer at any time (but unlike the ACCA, these are time-limited).Once all the modules completed, you will obtain a first certificate,  the ICAEW Certificate in Finance, Accounting and Business, which is recognised as a stand-alone qualification.The Professional Level includes the six more modules revolving around Business Planning, Taxation, Banking and Insurance.Finally, the Advanced Level constitutes the last ste p before being rewarded with the ACA.  Corporate Reporting and Strategic Business Management are at the centre of this level and will teach students to make strategic decisions based on real-life scenarios.The whole qualification takes three to five years to complete, but for any ACA qualification, you will need to find an  ICAEW authorised training employe and sign a training contract with them.Following  The CIMA (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants) CoursesThe CIMA was created in 1919 when the needs for a new kind of accounting was felt in the business world.For almost a hundred years, this institute has been focused on training Management Accountant, who focus on handling a company's budget, taxes, strategic planning and financial security.Like the previous accounting qualifications, the CIMA is divided into three different levels: Operational, Management and Strategic.The operational level covers the implementation of a strategy, as well as reporting on the implementa tion of the strategy.The management level has a medium-term focus. It translates the strategy decided at higher levels and communicated it to lower levels for implementation. It monitors and reports on the implementation of a strategy, and ensures corrective action is taken when required.The strategic level has a long-term focus. It concentrates on making strategic decisions and providing the context in which those decisions will be implemented.This qualification is also divided into three pillars covering nine different subjects.The Enterprise Pillar deals with the formulation of strategy, as well as its effective implementation. It emphasises how change management, project management, relationship management and the structuring of organisations can help to successfully implement a  strategy.The Performance Pillar uses the tools and techniques of management accounting and risk management to ensure that a  strategy is realistic and to monitor its implementation. It shows students ho w to use their understanding of costs to construct budgets, make decisions about prices and capital  expenditure, manage costs and manage performance. It develops the ability of students to progressively identify, classify, evaluate and manage risk.The Financial Pillar focuses on the financial accounting and reporting obligations of a company. This includes an understanding of the regulatory framework and external reporting requirements, and the ability to construct and evaluate complex financial statements to show the  financial position and performance of any commercial organisation. The  fundamentals of business tax are covered, as are the tax implications of financing decisions.In total it will take you three to four years to become a Chartered Management Accountant.Analysing financial report and understand the profitability of a potential investment is a key responsibility of Chief Financial Officers.All those accounting training are similar and take  roughly three years, but y our choice should be based on the kind of accountant you would like to become, as some of these qualifications lead more easily to certain specialities than others.You may also count on shortening your study time with guidance from accounting tutors...

The 25 Best Karaoke Songs for Women

The 25 Best Karaoke Songs for Women Elaina R. Want to be the star of your next karaoke night? Weve got you covered.  In this article, voice teacher  Elaina R.  shares 25 recommendations of karaoke songs for women. Have you ever noticed that guys like Bruno Mars, Sam Smith, and Adam Levine sing so high that barely any other guys can hit the same notes? What about the fact that female artists like Sia, Ariana Grande, and Katy Perry leave women in the same painful situation? You aren’t imagining things; the popular music industry has been overrun by high voices ever since pop was invented. Its nearly impossible for normal people (without digital enhancement) to sing lots of popular songs. In fact, many of the original singers of these songs can’t reliably belt out those high notes night after night â€" it just isn’t healthy. This is why if you’re a female vocalist, instead of attempting to screech out Chandelier at your next karaoke session, you might want to consider sticking with Justin Bieber instead. Keep reading to find out more. Why Songs by Guys Make Great Female Karaoke Songs In my experience, the average woman can belt up to about a G4 or an A4 before things start getting uncomfortable (if I just lost you, check out this article  on voice types). Im a professional singer and I can only comfortably belt up to a C#5 or D5. In contrast, here are a few of the belted high notes in some popular songs with female singers: Taylor Swift’s Shake it Off  (D5) Katy Perry’s Firework  (D#5) Sia’s Chandelier  (F5) Ariana Grande’s Problem  (G#5) These notes are a fifth to an octave above what most women are capable of belting. Theyre so high in fact, that a trained singer like me  can’t belt most of them! Its physically impossible  for most women to sing these songs without straining their vocal cords or flipping up into head voice. Now let’s take a look at some of the high belted notes in popular songs by male artists. OMI’s Cheerleader  (E4) Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean  (F4) Walk The Moon’s Shut Up and Dance  (G#4) Mark Ronson feat. Bruno Mars’ Uptown Funk  (D5) Aside from the Bruno Mars song, all of those have belted high notes that most women can comfortably handle. And although you might expect the songs to go too low for women, they usually don’t. The lowest note in the four songs listed above is a momentary C#3 in Shut Up and Dance. Some women can sing down there, but if you can’t, it’s easy enough to substitute a higher note that fits in the chord (one safe tactic is to simply stay on the previous note). Have I convinced you? If so, consider some of these hits next time you go to a karaoke bar. 25 Karaoke Songs for Women (Originally By Guys) 1. The Lazy Song â€" Bruno Mars 2. Forget You â€" Cee Lo Green 3. Photograph â€" Ed Sheeran 4. Trap Queen â€" Fetty Wap 5. Firestone â€" Kygo  ft. Conrad Sewell 6. Hold Back the River â€" James Bay 7. Let It Go â€" James Bay 8. Want To Want Me â€" Jason Derulo 9. Don’t Stop Believing â€" Journey 10. Love Yourself â€" Justin Bieber 11. Years Years â€" King 12. Are You With Me â€" Lost Frequencies 13. Sweet Home Alabama â€" Lynyrd Skynyrd 14. Sugar â€" Maroon 5 15. Billie Jean â€" Michael Jackson 16. Thriller â€" Michael Jackson 17. Avicii â€" The Nights 18. Cheerleader â€" OMI 19. Hey Ya â€" OutKast 20. Happy â€" Pharell Williams 21. I’m Not The Only One â€" Sam Smith 22. Stay With Me â€" Sam Smith 23. See You Again â€" Wiz Khalifa ft. Charlie Puth 24. Can’t Feel My Face â€" The Weeknd 25. Earned It â€" The Weeknd If youve tried any of these hits at a recent karaoke night, leave a comment below and let us know how it went. Want to really take the audience by storm at your next karaoke event? Check out the online karaoke classes at TakeLessons Live. Try as many classes as youd like free for 30 days! Post Author:  Elaina R. Elaina R. teaches opera voice and singing in Ann Arbor, MI, as well as through online lessons. She received her Master of Music from  the University of Michigan, and she has a B.M. from the University of Southern California. Learn more about Elaina here! Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher

6 Broadway Belting Audition Songs to Knock Em Dead

6 Broadway Belting Audition Songs to Knock Em Dead Sign up successful 1. Johnny One Note  Babes in Arms Made popular by the great Judy Garland, this number will have  you belting several big B flats with gusto! This 1937 show tune is a solid classic to choose if you’re auditioning for an older show. Its also a great choice for teen belters with a good middle voice; it provides enough of a challenge without too much of a chance to strain the voice, as it doesn’t sit too high. Consider this a nice intro to belting! 2. Wherever He Ain’t  Mack and Mabel What a showstopper! Although Jerry Herman’s “Mack and Mabel” was not a hit, critics agree the music is sublime, and this is no exception! This sassy number requires you to sing some high notes,  so it’s best for an advanced adult belter with more secure technique. 3. City Lights  The Act Kander and Ebb wrote “The Act” for another legendary belter: Ms. Liza Minnelli! But don’t worry: you can make this one your own    and you should. This song sits lower, so range-wise it’s not difficult. But it  runs  for six  minutes, so if youre singing it for an audition, make sure you perform the cut that shows you off best! Its also  ideal for a dancer who  belts. After all, these ARE the composers of “Chicago”! Not only will you be showing off your belting chops, but you’re expected to bring it as far as showmanship, too! Related Video: How to Choose the Best Broadway Songs for Your Voice 4. All Falls Down  Chaplin Ooh, this is a GREAT new one  yes, from another flop musical. What makes this Broadway song so great?  It’s completely sassy and has a memorable “cakewalk” style. You get to belt this one full out; it’s probably the most challenging number on this list, as you need to belt pretty high… again and again. So this one is for the advanced belters only! 5. I’m The Greatest Star  Funny Girl It’s been said “People” should be  off-limits, as it belongs to Barbra (and I’ll have to agree with that!), but as far as I’m concerned, singers should feel free to use the REST of the great songs in “Funny Girl”! The big belting doesn’t really come until the end of this song, so I’d say this is more for the intermediate belter. The bulk of the song lies in mid-voice and is meant to be sung with TONS of conviction… and serious comedic chops! 6. Live Out Loud  A Little Princess This is for younger belters! Its  a wonderful, uplifting tune that is sure to wow. Its also very good for those who have more of a soprano-ish quality to their voice. (Soprano/belt is definitely a voice type! Lucky ladies like the fabulous Sierra Boggess in the  video below are proof they exist.) The melody is gorgeous and quick-moving, and it’s just under three  minutes. Choosing Belting Songs for Auditions Before you choose one of these songs, remember that belting is a specific vocal skill that doesn’t come easily to most of us. It’s super easy to hurt yourself if you do it incorrectly. The last thing you want is to strain  your voice! Some voice teachers specialize in the technique, so make sure you’re working with someone who  can help you achieve the sound you’re after! TakeLessons has many talented instructors who  can help you achieve your belting goals. Good luck at your audition! Post Author:  Molly R. Molly R. teaches online and in-person singing lessons in Hayward, CA. Her specialties include teaching beginner vocalists, shy singers, children, teens, lapsed singers, and older beginners. She joined TakeLessons in November 2013.  Learn more about Molly  here! Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher

University of California-Berkeley A Student Interview

University of California-Berkeley A Student Interview The tutors behind Varsity Tutors are not just here to teach theyre sharing their college experiences as well. Rohaum is a San Diego tutor and 2014 graduate of University of California-Berkeley. He holds a Bachelors degree in Molecular and Cell Biology and tutors several subjects, including Biology tutoring, French tutoring, and Pre-Algebra tutoring. Check out what Rohaum had to say about his time at University of California-Berkeley: VT: Describe the campus setting and transportation options. How urban or safe is the campus? Are there buses or do you need a car/bike? Rohaum: In my opinion, the campus setting is a blend of an urban environment and a natural atmosphere. There is a lot of greenery on campus, as well as a lot of shops and restaurants around the campus. The campus itself is relatively safe. I have walked alone through campus late at night several times, and I have never had any issues. However, in terms of the areas around campus, some parts are safe, while others are not. The area south of campus is known to be more dangerous, and I would not advise walking alone there late at night. The area north of campus is a very safe and quiet neighborhood (there are many families that live there in addition to students). A car is definitely not needed, as most places are either within walking or biking distance. BART trains can get you to other parts of the Bay Area. The bus system is also pretty extensive, and one of the benefits of the University of California-Berkeley is that the tuition includes a bus pass that is valid for the whole semester. VT: How available are the professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants? Rohaum:The availability of professors varies heavily based on the class and the department. In my experience, the professors who teach humanities courses are more accessible than those in the maths and sciences, since there are generally fewer students trying to go to their office hours. For example, I tried to attend several of my professors office hours in order to get to know them so I could ask for letters of recommendation for my medical school applications. Unfortunately, about 20-30 other students had the same idea, so office hours were very crowded, and it was very difficult to speak one-on-one with professors. In general, though, availability depends on how large the class is, how many students try to go to the office hours, and how much of an effort the professors put into trying to be available for as many students as possible. The same applies for teaching assistants. In regard to academic advisers, it can be difficult to get appointments, and sometimes you have to wait a couple of weeks before you can speak with an adviser. VT: How would you describe the dorm life rooms, dining options, location, socialization opportunities with other students? Rohaum:There are multiple dorms, each with its own vibe. For example, there are dorms that are more social, one that is more for students in the sciences, one for athletes, a boys-only dorm, and a girls-only dorm. I stayed in a triple, which was pretty small and cramped. But I have seen suites and doubles which are large and look nice. It all depends on the building you end up in and what kind of room you get. Most of the dormshave co-ed bathrooms, which was a shock to many of us at first. However, using co-ed bathrooms is something that most students become accustomed to within the first few weeks. The dining is fine. The food is not amazing by any means, but there are enough options provided so that everyone is able to have a decent meal. And in terms of socialization, many dorm buildings encourage an open-door policy so that everyones room is open to any student who would like to come in and talk. (Of course, this is not mandatory, so you can keep your door closed if you prefer privacy.) The resident assistants also plan numerous socials to help people living in the same building get to know one another. VT: Which majors/programs are best represented and supported? What did you study and why? Did the university do a good job supporting your particular area of study? Rohaum:From what I saw, the most represented majors were Physics, Engineering, and Computer Science. That being said, I did not feel that there were any majors that were necessarily under-represented. University of California-Berkeleydid support my Biology major well (especially since it was one of the most popular majors on campus). There were plenty of different classes to take, and there were many research positions open to students. The main drawback was that I did not feel that there were as many resources dedicated to helping pre-medical students as there could have been (which may be linked to the fact that the university does not have a medical school). VT: How easy or difficult was it for you to meet people and make friends as a freshman? Does Greek life play a significant role in the campus social life? Rohaum:It was relatively easy for me to make friends as a freshman. I was fortunate because the friends I made during orientation shared several of my classes with me. In general, however, it can be difficult for people to make friends considering how large the student body is. But there are a lot of different clubs and events that people can participate in if they feel like they are having a hard time finding strong friendships. (For instance, there is a day during the first week of classes where all the clubs set up tables on Sproul Plaza to advertise themselves, which is the perfect opportunity for someone to look for a crowd of people with similar interests to him/herself). Greek life does play a somewhat significant role in campus social life (they are always hosting events), but it is very easy for those who do not want to be associated with Greek life to have a strong social life on campus. I personally went to very few Greek events during my time at University of California-B erkeley because there were so many other fun activities both on and off campus. VT: How helpful is the Career Center and other student support services? Do many reputable companies recruit on campus? Rohaum:The Career Center provided a lot of useful services, such as resume building, mock interviews, and advice on how to apply to graduate school. The only issue was that there were a lot of students who were in need of their services, so there was sometimes a long waiting time to get an appointment. For example, at one point, when I wanted a pre-medical advising appointment, the earliest open time slot was in three weeks. VT: How are the various study areas such as libraries, the student union, and dorm lounges? Are they over-crowded, easily available, spacious? Rohaum:There are multiple libraries on campus, a large student union, and multiple student lounges in each dorm building. The libraries all have multiple study areas, as well as private study rooms that you can reserve. There is usually plenty of room on campus and in the dorms to study. The only time when it might be difficult to find a spot is during finals week. VT: Describe the surrounding town. What kinds of outside establishments / things to do are there that make it fun, boring, or somewhere in between? To what extent do students go to the downtown area of the city versus staying near campus? Rohaum:There are many amazing restaurants, including several that are not very common in other areas (Salvadoran, Indonesian, Peruvian, Ethiopian, and Caribbean cuisine). Besides restaurants and bars, there are not too many activities to do in Berkeley itself, but it is very easy to get to other parts of the Bay Area, such as San Francisco (where you could go to places such as Chinatown and Fishermans Wharf), Oakland (where you could go to Jack London Square), or Emeryville (where you could go shopping). A big part of the Berkeley experienceis exploring the Bay Area, and I highly encourage students to take advantage of Berkeleys closeness to all of these great places. VT: How big or small is the student body? Were you generally pleased or displeased with the typical class sizes? Rohaum:The student body is very, very large. My classes generally had about 100-150 people in them. However, the numbers varied widely. Some of my courses had less than 10 people, while others had over 500. It was a big shock for me initially, since I came from a small private school where there were only 100 students per grade. Still, I became accustomed to it after a couple of weeks. I was surprised by the fact that it was easier to make friends in large classes than I thought it would be. Almost everyone feels overwhelmed by the large class size, and they are all looking for friends to help make the size feel more manageable. VT: Describe one memorable experience with a professor and/or class. Perhaps one you loved the most or one you regret the most. Rohaum:My best experience in a class was when I took MCB 150L, which was an immunology laboratory class. I had heard a lot of horror stories about how difficult the class was and how many hours had to go into it, so I was very intimidated when I walked in on the first day. However, the professor was very friendly, and he and his teaching assistants approached every student individually while we were conducting our experiments to see how we were doing and to answer any questions we may have had. And while the class did require a lot of work, some students formed a study group that always got together outside of class to work on lab reports and to help each other study for midterms. I had a great time with my study group, as we found ways to have fun while working on this class. It made me realize that one of the best ways to make a difficult class fun is to find a great group of people to form a study group with. Check out Rohaum's tutoring profile. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of Varsity Tutors.

A Quick Trip through the History of Sculpture.

A Quick Trip through the History of Sculpture. Everything You Need to Know about the History of Sculpture ChaptersThe Oldest Sculptures that We KnowThe Sculptures and Sculptors of Antiquity: Ancient Greece, Egypt, Rome, and Mesopotamia.Early Christian SculptureSculpture and the Italian RenaissanceBaroque, Rococo, and Neo-Classical SculptureRodin: The Start of Modernist SculptureSculpture in the Twentieth CenturyContemporary SculptureSculpture is perhaps the oldest art form in the whole of art history, produced from antiquity right up to the most contemporary of contemporary art. Sculptural artworks are richly varied, ranging from the figurative â€" such as statues â€" to the site-specific, the expressive, and kinetic.And there is a reason for both the longevity and variety of sculpture. The same reason in fact accounts for both qualities of the form. And that is that sculpture is a three-dimensional art.Firstly, sculpture, existing in three dimensions, is necessarily more durable. If it is to be made of terracotta, ceramics, or white marble, of course it is going to last longer than pain tings on canvas or paper. It simply lasts longer. And so, whilst it may be false to say that it is the oldest art form we have, sculptures are definitely the ones that have been preserved the best.In terms of the form’s variety, the reason for this is again in its three-dimensionality. Anything that is made in three dimensions can legitimately be called a sculpture. And, as expected, many people simply got bored of using different marbles, ivory, or bronze. That’s why now you have lots of different sculptural styles - everything from outdoor sculpture to kinetic sculpture, sculpture gardens and architectural sculpture, public art and figurines.The lines between the different types of visual arts have blurred in the last century and a half â€" and so we have a proliferation of lots of different forms which are little more difficult to place.Here, we are going to run through the history of the art of sculpture â€" from prehistoric times to the art world of today. We’re going to have to limit it to ‘western art’ (as we are limited in space!) â€" and we want to be as comprehensive as we can.So, buckle up. 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Two of the oldest ‘works’ we know â€" although it is controversial to call this sort of sculpture art â€" come from the south of Germany.The oldest is what we call the Löwenmensch, a figurative sculpture of a person with the head of a lion (its name means, in English, †˜lion-man’). Another, which is the oldest undisputed figure of a human, is known as the Venus of Hohle Fels.As will become clear throughout this trip through sculptural history, the art form was used less as a decorative form than as a ritualistic or religious device.Much of the interpretation of these pieces focus on the elements of sexuality and fertility. But the amazing thing is that these ‘Aurignacian’ communities made these sculptures at all â€" living as they did in a continuous struggle for survival.Not very much is agreed on about these pieces. But what we can know for sure is that, no matter how old these pieces are, people were definitely producing sculptures long before them too.Take some art classes on Superprof.The Sculptures and Sculptors of Antiquity: Ancient Greece, Egypt, Rome, and Mesopotamia.And whilst we don’t know much about the primitive civilizations that produced the earliest of sculptures, we know plenty about the boom in art production in the perio d between 4500BC and the end of the Roman Empire.It’s a little lazy to lump all of this geographical, stylistic, and thematic diversity under one title. Yet, these protoliterate and classical periods are the moment in which sculpture actually begins to resemble the figures it is seeking to represent. The Greeks didn't invent sculpture, but they made it into something amazing.Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian SculptureAnd here, we see a movement away from simply spiritual or ritualistic themes to something much more secular. Starting, roughly, from the famous Great Sphinx of Giza, sculpture came to be entwined with symbols of status and power. These monumental figures were intended to be so colossal so to inspire awe.Similarly, other sculptural works were envisioned as memorials for great battles â€" such as the Mesopotamian Stele of the Vultures â€" or to memorialise and preserve the dead. The famous canopic jars of the Egyptians serve the latter purpose.Hellenistic and Roman SculptureWith the growth of science â€" including knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, and motion â€" sculpture under the ancient Greeks developed dramatically, achieving a naturalistic and representational style. Whilst never relinquishing the religious element of sculpture â€" as many of the sculptures we re placed in temples â€" Greek sculpture is known for attending closest to the human figure.The period between 450 and 400 BC is known as the zenith of Greek sculptural culture. This was in large part due to Phidias, one of the most influential and important of Greek sculptors â€" known for his Statue of Zeus at Olympia.Roman sculpture learnt essentially all it knew from the Greeks, and from the Etruscans, who had learnt in their own way from the Greeks. Their sculptures were largely completed in bronze â€" and the Roman period is known primarily for its portraits, such as that of Lucius Junius Brutus. The Romans essentially copied Greek sculpture.Early Christian SculptureWith the birth of Christianity in the later years of the Roman Empire, sculptural traditions in Europe began to decline. This was in part due to the religious notion that â€" in the Ten Commandments â€" that forbade carvings of images. A general social instability across Europe contributed to the fact that, now, there are very few surviving medieval sculptures.In northern Europe â€" in Scotland and Britain, and in Scandinavia â€" a tradition continued of erecting massive stone carvings. These were often in the shape of crosses, or else, in Scandinavia, were carved with runes.Generally speaking, early and later medieval sculpture was defined by its relation to Christianity. It adorned churches, tombs, and other religious items.The two styles that are most recognisable today from this period are Romanesque â€" which drew heavily on Greek and Roman sculpture â€" and Gothic art, which emerged in France from this style . Both were important in laying the ground for the sculptors of the Renaissance.Learn about famous sculptures from history! Representative sculpture from the Medieval period, in France CalumDrama School Entrance Teacher 5.00 (15) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ToriSpanish Teacher 5.00 (1) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors OliviaSchool support Teacher 5.00 (2) £21/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarkESOL (English) Teacher 4.76 (17) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors YuweiChinese Teacher 4.33 (6) £19/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JenniferMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LouiseAutoCAD Teacher 5.00 (3) £60/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RickyPercussion Teacher 5.00 (7) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors NicolasGuitar Teacher 5.00 (2) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MyriamOrganic chemistry Teacher 5.00 (13) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JonathanEconomics Teacher 5.00 (9) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Oluwakemi imoleMaths Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AlexPhysics Teacher 5.00 (1) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AdamSinging Teacher 5.00 (14) £48/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ValentiniMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (2) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MilenaMaths Teacher 5.00 (5) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RashmiEconomics Teacher 5.00 (1) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsSculpture and the Italian RenaissanceWe have learned to consider the Renaissance as history’s peak of artistic and literary culture. This is sort of true, but, as with all artistic movements, the work of the Renaissance was heavily influenced by what came before.Just as the Greeks and Romans had moved sculpture away from simple religious imagery towards the human figure, the sculptors of the Renaissance did the same. Figures like Donatello and Michelangelo â€" who both made versions of David â€" were very knowledgeable about human anatomy and could make incredibly life-like statues.Whilst these two names â€" along with Leonardo da Vinci â€" are generally associated with the ‘High Renaissance’, styles like Mannerism were just as important in this period.This period created some of the most famous sculptors in history.Baroque, Rococo, and Neo-Classical SculptureWhereas the sculpture of the Renaissance focused on still human figures, the thing that characterised the artistic movements that followed was an interest in dynamism.This is how Baroque sculpture began. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, sculptors like Gian Lorenzo Bernini made artworks that reached out into space and that were visible ‘in the round’ â€" meaning from all different angles. This was quite different to the reliefs that were generally made before.Whilst Baroque was more interested in large sculpture, rococo focused on small sculpture. But what it lacked in size, it made up for in theatricality and decorativeness.As tends to happen , this decorative excess drew a backlash, and, in the late eighteenth century, we find a boom in ‘neo-classical’ work. This returned to the classicist principles of the Renaissance, with much more simple figures. Antonio Canova is a hugely important figure in this movement.Rodin: The Start of Modernist SculptureAt the turn of the twentieth century, a thing called modernism dominated the art world. Every sculptor and writer, all painters, architects, and musicians, were galvanised by this desire to ‘make it new!’.Modernism and modern art came from a desire to create new artistic and cultural forms. And the person who did this best â€" and most influentially â€" in sculpture was Auguste Rodin.Throughout the final years of the nineteenth century â€" and into the twentieth â€" Rodin sought to make sculpture less posed and more impressionistic. His work was more realist (but not necessarily more realistic) than the previous sculptural trends which focused more on religious or myt hical figures.His impact was to be huge - and he has one of the great sculpture museums named after him.Sculpture in the Twentieth CenturyIndeed, much of twentieth-century sculpture followed the path that Rodin had trodden. Yet, it also saw the massive proliferation of different ideas about what art and sculpture could and should be.Throughout the century, sculpture variously became more abstract, more simple, more symbolic, more concerned with movement and shape, with light and dark, and more interested in different materials.Some sculptors which should know from the twentieth century are Pablo Picasso, Alberto Giacometti, Marcel Duchamp, Constantin Brancusi, and Henry Moore.Contemporary SculptureThese days, the possibilities open to contemporary artists are endless. And, as we said at the beginning, the lines between different artforms are continually being blurred. Modern and contemporary sculpture does not always resemble the sculpture that immediately comes to mind.Yet, this di versity is contemporary sculptures beauty. From Tracey Emin’s ‘Unmade Bed’ to Robert Smithson’s ‘Spiral Jetty’, from Marc Quinn’s ‘Self’ to Richard Long’s ‘White Water Falls’.Learn more about the basics of sculpture!